ABSTRACT
Objective:To understand the radioactivity levels of water source in five key cities of Chengdu, Yibin, Mianyang, Guangyuan, Leshan in Sichuan province, and evaluate the radiation safety of these water sources.Methods:From 2016 to 2020, the measuring site selection, sampling and analysis were made for measuring the radioactivity levels of total alpha, total beta, 90Sr, 137Cs, 226Ra, U, Th in drinking water sources in these five cities. Reference was made, respectively, to the national standards Determination of total α radioactivity concentration in water thick source method (EJ/T 1075-1998), Determination of total β radioactivity in water evaporation method (EJ/T 900-1994), Radiochemical analysis method of strontium-90 in water and biological samples ash (HJ 815-2016), radiochemical analysis of cesium-137 in the ash of water and biological samples (HJ 816-2016), Analysis and determination of radium-226 in water (GB 11214-1989), Analysis of trace uranium in environmental samples -3 laser fluorescence law (HJ 840-2017), and Food safety in the test of radioactive substances in food determination of natural thorium and uranium (GB 14883.7-2016). Results:The activity concentration ranges from 0.011 to 0.076 Bq/L for total alpha, 0.027 to 0.098 Bq/L for total beta, 0.21 to 0.45 mBq/L for 137Cs, 1.0 to 2.4 mBq/L for 90Sr, 6.1 to 16.0 mBq/L for 226Ra, 0.06 to 0.21 μg/L for Th, and 0.73 to 3.30 μg/L for U. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of total alpha, total beta, 90Sr, 137Cs, 226Ra, U and Th in different water sources and different years ( P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the concentrations of total alpha, total beta, 90Sr, 137Cs and 226Ra during different water periods ( P>0.05). There were statistical differences in U activity concentration in different water periods ( H=16.53, P<0.05), and statistical differences in Th activity concentration in different water periods ( H=15.61, P<0.05). Conclusions:The survey showed that the total alpha, total beta, 90Sr, 137Cs, 226Ra, U and Th radioactivity levels in drinking water sources in Chengdu, Yibin, Mianyang, Guangyuan and Leshan of Sichuan province were at the same level as the relevant data in the Natural environmental radioactivity level in China published by the State Environmental Protection Bureau in 1995. All of there values were within the data range released by the 2013-2021 National Radiation Environment Monitoring Quality Report issued by the Radiation Environment Monitoring Technology Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. The radioactivity level in water sources in the five key cities was at a safe level.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the application effect of an intelligent teaching robot system of lifting manipulation in cervical spine manipulation teaching.Methods:60 doctors were randomly divided into an experimental group ( n = 30) and a control group ( n = 30). The control group was taught by a certified chief physician using a combination of "PowerPoint presentations, video demonstrations, and operation demonstrations" . Each part is 5 min. The experimental group was taught by the intelligent teaching robot system with a spinning technique. The teaching time is 15 min for both groups. At the end of the two teaching sessions, the two groups were trained five times under different BMIs and passed the system assessment. The qualified rates of pre-traction force, lifting and pulling force, maximum force, pre-traction time, lifting and pulling time, rotation amplitude, and pitch amplitude were compared between the two groups. Results:In normal, there was significant differences between the qualified rates of pre-traction force, lifting and pulling force, maximum force, pre-traction time, lifting and pulling time, rotation amplitude, and pitch amplitude in two groups (all P<0.05). For overweight people, there were significant differences in pre-traction force, pulling force, maximum force, and rotation amplitude (all P <0.05), while there were no significant differences in pre-traction time, pulling time, or pitching amplitude (all P >0.05). In obesity, there were significant differences in pre-traction force, lifting and pulling force, maximum force, and pitch amplitude (all P <0.05), but no significant differences in pre-traction time, lifting and pulling time, or rotation amplitude (all P >0.05). Conclusions:The proposed system can improve the pass rate of spinning manipulation, especially by effectively controlling the pre-traction force, pulling force, and maximum force.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the content of thorium (Th) in surface water in Sichuan Province, China, and to evaluate Th-associated health risk via water intake for residents. Methods Twenty-three monitoring sections were set in main surface water bodies in Sichuan Province. From 2016 to 2021, the Th radioactivity level in the water bodies was measured during dry and normal-water seasons. The health risk of residents was evaluated by calculating radioactive Th intake from the surface water bodies combined with the use of a health risk assessment model. Results The Th radioactivity level of the surface water bodies in Sichuan Province was 0.02-0.67 μ./L. There was no significant difference in the Th radioactivity level of different years or different surface water bodies (P > 0.05). A significant difference was observed in the Th radioactivity level of different water seasons (P < 0.05). The total mean annual committed effective doses of Th in all age groups caused by drinking water and water immersion ranged from 3.14 × 10−8 to 8.75 × 10−7 Sv, all lower than the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended reference level of 0.1 mSv. The overall carcinogenic risks for residents in all age groups ranged from 3.93 × 10−10 to 1.09 × 10−8, all below the most rigorous control limits issued by WHO and International Commission on Radiological Protection. Conclusion The Th-associated health risk via direct water intake and water immersion in main surface water bodies of Sichuan Province is at an acceptable level. Th in main surface water bodies of Sichuan Province is safe for all age groups.
ABSTRACT
The important pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) lies in kidney deficiency and blood stasis. Therefore, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for tonifying the kidney and activating blood circulation is widely used in clinical practise with high response. The existing literature mainly focuses on single medicine for tonifying the kidney and activating blood circulation, as well as TCM compounds, such as classic prescriptions Yougui Pill, Duhuo Jisheng Decoction, which contain TCMs for tonifying the kidney and activating blood circulation, or self-made empirical prescriptions Bushen Huoxue Recipe and Bushen Tongluo Recipe, which are based on the idea of tonifying the kidney and activating blood circulation. The above TCMs mainly regulate oxidative stress response, inflammatory cytokine level, no level, lymphatic function and microcirculation Inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis, regulate cartilage metabolism, protect and repair cartilage, and inhibit matrix degrading enzymes to play a therapeutic role.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the changes in morphology of intervertebral foramina in patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) treated with fixedpoint lateral flexion and rotation manipulation based on three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technology, so as to provide references for the effectiveness of manipulation treatment. MethodsForty patients with CSR were treated with fixed point lateral flexion and rotation manipulation once every other day for a total of 7 times and 2 weeks as a course of treatment. CT data of the patients before and after treatment were analyzed by using multifunctional CT, Mimics 21.0, Geomagic and SolidWorks 2017. The area of the intervertebral foramen, anterior and posterior diameter of the intervertebral foramen, upper and lower diameter of the intervertebral foramen were measured before and after treatment, as well as the infrared thermal imaging temperature differences of the bilateral neck and shoulder, front and back of the upper limb, and the VAS scores of the patients were observed before treatment, 7 d after treatment, 14 d after treatment and 1 month follow-up. Results Foraminal area, anterior and posterior diameters, upper and lower diameters of 40 patients were improved after treatment, and the temperature differences of infrared thermal imaging of patients before and after treatment were statistically significant. The VAS score of the patients decreased progressively. Conclusions Fixed point lateral flexion manipulation can significantly improve the shape of the intervertebral foramen in patients with CSR, so as to achieve the treatment purpose of relieving nerve compression.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the effects of "pushing patella and extending knee" manipulation on the protein and mRNA expression levels of integrin β1 (ITGβ1) and phosphorylated adhesion plaque kinase (p-FAK) in rabbit knee osteoarthritis (KOA) model, and to investigate the mechanism of manipulations in the treatment of KOA.Methods:Twenty healthy 6-month-old New Zealand rabbits were divided into the normal group, the model group, the acupuncture group, and the manipulation group according to the random number table method. Among them, the model group, the acupuncture group, and the manipulation group were modeled using the modified Hulth method for KOA. After 7 d of successful modeling, the normal group and the model group did not receive any intervention, while the acupuncture group and the manipulation group received one acupuncture intervention and one "pushing patella and extending knee" manipulation intervention daily, respectively. After 2 weeks of treatment, the rabbit KOA model was executed by air embolization, and the protein and mRNA expression levels of ITGβ1 and p-FAK in knee cartilage were measured by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively.Results:Compared with the normal group, the ITGβ1 protein expression level was decreased ( P<0.05) and p-FAK protein expression level was increased ( P<0.05), and the mRNA expression levels of ITGβ1 and p-FAK did not change significantly (all P>0.05) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the ITGβ1 protein expression level was increased ( P<0.05), the p-FAK protein expression level decreased ( P<0.05), and the mRNA expression levels of both ITGβ1 and p-FAK increased (all P<0.05) in the acupuncture group. Compared with the acupuncture group, ITGβ1 protein expression level increased ( P<0.05), p-FAK protein expression level decreased ( P<0.05), and mRNA expression levels of both ITGβ1 and p-FAK increased (all P<0.01) in the manipulation group. Conclusions:The "pushing patella and extending knee" manipulation can optimize the protein and mRNA expression levels of ITGβ1 and p-FAK in the articular cartilage of the rabbit KOA model.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of pulsed radio-frequency(PRF) for knee osteoarthritis(KOA) using Meta-analysis.Methods:The literature of controlled clinical studies on PRF in the treatment of KOA was retrieved, the retrieval databases included China Biomedical Literature Database, The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, CBM, EBSCO and Network database. The retrieval period was the time of inception to February 2021. The retrieved literature was screened, quality evaluated and data extracted by two researchers. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software.Results:A total of 8 studies were included, including 411 patients with KOA. The 200 patients in the trial group were underwent PRF treatment and the 211 patients in the control group were underwent conventional treatment. Meta-analysis results showed that the experimental group was superior to the control group in terms of knee VAS score, WOMAC score, Lysholm score and effective rate, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:PRF is more effective in treating KOA than conventional treatment. The quality of the literature research in this study that met the inclusion criteria was low, and a large number of high-quality studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PRF treatment.
ABSTRACT
Mechanosensitive ion channels are mechanoreceptors that convert mechanical stimulation on the cell surface into intracellular electrical signal or chemical signal. In recent years, Piezo protein as a mechanically activated cation channel in eukaryotes has gradually become a research hotspot. Piezo1 and Piezo2 proteins are expressed in different organs and tissues of mammals, and tissues such as bones and joints are directly related to mechanical conduction. The intracellular effects caused by the conduction of mechanical force play a very important role in the treatment and prevention of orthopedic diseases. In this paper, the researches on Piezo protein mechanically activated cation channels in bone tissue, cartilage tissue, bone marrow tissue, intervertebral disc tissue and orthopedic diseases were reviewed.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To study the clinical efficacy and lower limb temperature difference of bipolar radiofrequency combined with ozone in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 105 inpatients with LDH. All patients were treated with bipolar radiofrequency combined with ozone. The interdisc impedance of the main electrode was measured before and after treatment, and the absolute temperature difference of infrared thermal imaging of both lower extremities before and after treatment was analyzed. Vasual analogue scale (VAS) score, JOA score and modified Macnab standard were used to evaluate the curative effect after treatment.Results:The VAS score after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment( P<0.05), and the JOA score after treatment was significantly higher than that before treatment( P<0.05). The intervertebral disc impedance after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment( P<0.05). The temperature difference between leg and plantar after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Bipolar radiofrequency combined with ozone therapy can relieve pain and improve function in patients with LDH. Infrared thermal imaging can sensitively reflect the changes of body surface temperature of lower extremities in patients with LDH, and has a certain value in the diagnosis and curative effect evaluation of LDH.
ABSTRACT
Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) is a joint disease with the main pathological changes of knee articular cartilage degeneration, loss and gradual deterioration. Clinically, KOA is more common in the middle-aged and the elderly, mainly manifested as knee pain and limited mobility, and walking disabilities. Walking is the basis of human behavior, and gait is the characteristic of human behavior when walking. Gait analysis (GA) studies the characteristics of the human body's gait behavior while walking, and combines knowledge of kinematics, dynamics, and biomechanics to analyze and obtain digital information on gait characteristics. GA is an effective tool for quantitative assessment of gait disorders. In KOA patients, the knee dynamic and static systems are unbalanced, the lower limb force lines are abnormal, and then the lower limb movement abnormalities occur, which affects normal gait. Researchers have taken gait feature analysis of KOA patients as a research hotspot, hoping to grasp the condition of patients with GA at different stages of KOA diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. In this paper the research progress of the studies on the GA patients' gait characteristics obtained by gait analysis was reviewed. This paper is expected to provide a more accurate digital basis for the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation assessment of KOA, and make the patient's diagnosis and treatment plan more precise.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To study the effects of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) loaded by graphene oxide (GO) on cartilage repair in two KOA animal models.Methods:30 male New Zealand rabbits aged 12 weeks were randomly divided into A group ( n=15) and B group ( n=15). In the A group, the KOA model was established by the improved Hulth and cartilage defect method, and in the B group, the KOA model was established by the modified papain controlled-release injection method. After the modeling, the rabbits model in each group were divided into 4 subgroups, including blank control group ( n=3), GO group ( n=4), UCMSCs group ( n=4) and GO+UCMSCs group ( n=4). In these subgroups, the rabbit models were respectively treated injected with 0.5 ml of NaCl solution with 9 g/L, GO granular lubricant (GO with 30 μg/ml and solvent with hyaluronic acid with 0.25%), UCMSCs suspension (5×10 6 /ml), and mixed suspension of UCMSCs loaded by GO (GO with 30 μg/ml and UCMSCs with 5×10 6/ml) in right knee joint cavity. The serum levels of NO, collagen type Ⅱ(COL-Ⅱ), glycosaminoglycan (GAG), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results:Eight weeks after the treatment, the serum levels of NO, IL-6 and TNF-α in GO+UCMSCs group were lower than those of the blank control group (all P<0.01), and the serum levels of COL-Ⅱ and GAG in GO+UCMSCs group were higher than those of the blank control group (all P<0.01). The serum NO level of the blank control group in group A was lower than that of the blank control group in group B [(22.097±0.352) ng/ml vs (23.662±0.056) ng/ml, P<0.05]. The serum COL-Ⅱ levels of the UCMSCs group and GO+UCMSCs group in group A were higher than those of group B respectively [(15.589±0.063) ng/ml vs (14.429±0.092) ng/ml, and (19.372±0.063) ng/ml vs (16.257±0.416) ng/ml, all P<0.01]. The serum GAG levels of the blank control group and the GO+UCMSCs group in group A were higher than those in group B respectively [(23.832±0.891) ng/ml vs (18.709±0.552) ng/ml, and (37.439±2.155) ng/ml vs (26.554±0.450) ng/ml, all P<0.01). The serum IL-6 levels of the blank control group and the GO+UCMSCs group in group A were lower than those in group B respectively [(16.082±0.323) ng/ml vs (18.367±0.861) ng/ml, P<0.05; (7.426±0.294) ng/ml vs (8.680±0.242) ng/ml, P<0.01]. The serum TNF-α levels of the blank control group and the GO+UCMSCs group in group A were lower than those in group B respectively [(9.466±0.177) ng/ml vs (10.013±0.197) ng/ml, P<0.05; (5.139±0.183) ng/ml vs (6.210±0.058) ng/ml, P<0.01]. Conclusions:GO loaded UCMSCs can promote the secretion of chondrocytes in rabbit KOA models, reduce inflammatory levels in joints, and play a role in cartilage repair.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of pulsed radiofrequency combined with fixed-point lateral flexion and rotation realignment cervical manipulation in the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR). Methods Sixty-three patients with CSR were randomly divided into observation group (n=32) and control group (n=31). The observation group was given pulse radiofrequency combined with fixed-point lateral flexion and rotation realignment cervical manipulation, and the control group was given the pulsed radiofrequency treatment. Visual analog scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores were obtained before the treatment, 7 days and 3 months after the treatment. The temperature differences of bilateral upper limbs infrared thermal imaging were observed before and 3 months after the treatment in the two groups. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated by using TCM disease and syndrome diagnosis criteria. Results After 7 days and 3 months of the treatment, the VAS scores of the two groups were lower than those before treatments, the VAS scores of the observation group were lower than the control group, and all the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The JOA scores in the two groups were higher than those before treatment, the JOA scores of the observation group were higher than the control group , and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the infrared temperature difference between the upper limbs of the observation group and the control group before treatments [(0.83±0.27) °C vs (0.87±0.29) °C, P>0.05]. Three months after the treatment, the temperature difference of infrared thermography in the upper limbs of the observation group was better than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the cure rate of the observation group was better than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (68.75％vs 22.58％, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the total effective rate between the two groups (93.75％vs 90.32％, P>0.05). Conclusions The pulsed radiofrequency combined with the fixed-point lateral flexion and rotation realignment cervical manipulation in the treatment of radiculopathic cervical spondylosis was effective in improving pain, function and infrared imaging temperature of upper limbs.
ABSTRACT
Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy is a common and frequently-occurring disease in the clinical department of orthopedics.It has the highest incidence of cervical spondylosis and has been classified as a difficult disease by the World Health Organization.Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy mainly manifests as root symptoms and signs consistent with the diseased segment,and the symptoms of stiffness,pain and numbness,which seriously affect the physical and mental health and life quality of patients.In clinical practice,the symptoms of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy can be alleviated by physical therapy,acupuncture,etc.Therefore,searching for more effective treatments has become a hot topic of current researches.Manipulations have the advantages of simple operation,quickness,quick effect and high recognition degree,and can achieve therapeutic purpose by improving the dynamic and static balance of cervical spines,correcting joint dislocation and improving blood circulation.Among them,the curative effect of rotational manipulations is more remarkable.The researches on rotational manipulations by domestic and foreign scholars mainly focus on the in vitro and in vivo biomechanics of cervical spines,and the biomechanical researches on the rotational manipulation itself were different.At present,the mechanical research on the rotational manipulation is still in the development stage,and there is no clear conclusion on the similarities and differences of the mechanical parameters and their influence on the mechanical environment of the cervical spine.In this paper,the research progress of biomechanical properties of cervical spine rotational manipulation was summarized to provide a theoretical basis for the mechanism of the rotational manipulation treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the effect of the preset temperature,heating time and the spacing of radio frequency electrodes.Methods Fresh egg white was used to study the effects of heater spacing,temperature and heating time.Two electrodes were fixed to keep the needles perpendicular to the center of egg white confined on a square plate.Temperatures from 50 to 90℃ were tested with heating times of 60 and 120 seconds and electrode spac ings of 2.0,1.0,0.5 and 0.25 centimetres.The real-time temperature and the time to the appearance of a spindleshaped bridge between the electrodes was observed.The egg white's impedance and resistance,the lowest temperature of denaturation,and the mass (or volume) denatured at different time points were also observed.Results With an electrode spacing of 2 cm and the thermostat set at 63℃,the true electrode temperatures were 63.7 and 52.6℃,with the secondary electrode the cooler.Significant differences between the secondary electrode temperature and the preset temperature as well as the temperature between the primary and the secondary electrodes were observed.It was also found that different electrode spacing caused significant differences between the preset temperature and the primary as well as the secondary electrode temperature.Denaturation began at 56℃ with a spacing of 0.25 cm.At spacings of 0.25 and 0.50 cm,a spindle-shaped connection between the two electrodes was observed at temperatures above 70℃,but higher temperature was required at 1.00 and 2.00 cm.When the spacing was 0.25 cm and the preset temperature was 75℃,the denatured volume after 60 s of heating was 90.21+0.64 mm3.Heating for 120 s denatured 95.08+ 0.53 mm3 and two 60.s heatings 92.88+0.74 mm3,all significant differences.There were no significant differences in the resistance of the egg white before and after a single heating for 60 s,but after a single heating lasting 120 s it had increased significantly from 128.41+8.04 to 121.29±8.04 Ω.Conclusion Bipolar radio frequency heating can denature egg white.Higher temperature,longer heating and smaller electrode spacing heat more effectively.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of radiofrcquency combined with ozone in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation using infrared thermography,and discuss the application value.Methods A total of 160 patients with lumbar disc herniation were randomly divided into observation group (80 cases) and control group (80 cases).The observation group was treated with continuous radiofrequency combined with ozone injection,and the control group was treated with pulse radiofrequency combined with ozone injection.Pain visual analogue (VAS) score,Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI) score,and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score of the patients were compared before and 1 and 3 months after the treatment.The mean temperature and temperature difference of the lower body were compared by infrared thermography before and 3 months after the treatments.The overall clinical efficacy was evaluated 3 months after the treatments using the modified Macnab criteria.Results The comparison within groups showed that the VAS,ODI and JOA scores were significant changed after 1 and 3 months of the treatment (all P＜0.05).The average temperature of lower body from the infrared thermography was decreased after 3 months of the treatment (P＜0.05).The comparison among groups showed that the VAS,ODI and JOA scores after 1 and 3 months of the treatment had differences between the observation group and the control group,and all the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).Moreover,the difference in the mean temperature of the low body after 3 months of the treatment was not statistically significant (P＞0.05),and in the temperature difference value was statistically significant between the two groups (P＜0.05).The overall clinical efficacy of the observation group was better than that of the control group after 3 months of the treatment (P＜0.05).Conclusions Radiofrequency combined with ozone injection is satisfactory for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation,and the continuous radiofrequency is superior to pulse radiofrequency.The clinical efficacy of radio-frequency combined with ozone injection can be effectively evaluated by Infrared thermography.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Knee osteoarthritis is a chronic disease characterized as cartilage degeneration and hyperostosis to impact the soft tissues around the joints, thereby resulting in joint pain, and it can be aggravated and lead to joint deformity after weight-bearing. OBJECTIVE:On the basis of imaging parameters of knee osteoarthritis patients and normal controls, a model was established. And then, knee squatting movement was simulated on the model and stress data from the cartilage surface of patients and normal controls were colected and compared, thereby to obtain the stress characteristics of the cartilage surface in knee osteoarthritis patients. METHODS: There were 30 knee osteoarthritis patients and 30 healthy volunteers in the study. CT and MRI data from these participants were colected and analyzed using Mimics software and simpleware software to establish a model. Based on this model, cartilage-related stress data were harvested from knee osteoarthritis patients and healthy volunteers and compared to summarize the stress characteristics of the articular cartilage in patients with knee osteoarthritis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In knee osteoarthritis patients, the stress on the cartilage surface from standing to squatting was increased in a nonlinear manner. During the process of squatting, the mediolateral stress was higher in the knee osteoarthritis patients than healthy controls (P 0.05). These findings indicate that the knee osteoarthritis musculoskeletal model and finite element model are established successfuly, and these models are closer to the real motion characteristics of the knee joints, based on which, quantitative biomechanical data of the knee can be provided for knee osteoarthritis treatment.
ABSTRACT
With the rapid growth of foreign student education in China,specific development goals have been put forward. Although size of bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery students(referred to as MBBS students) is ranked the first place among foreign students with other majors in China,it faces difficulties,including decline in the quality of students,chaotic curricula,weak faculty team and a lack of managerial personnel. Seven colleges and universities in Jiangsu province which enroll MBBS students must strengthen cooperation and collaborative development,to increase contribution to the overall size and quality of foreign students education in the province and to jointly build the MBBS student education brand of‘study in Jiangsu’.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of COX-2 and telomerase activity in esophageal carcinoma tissues(ECT)and resection margin of the esophagus(RME),and to analyze their diagnostic and prognostic value for esophageal carcinoma.Methods The expression of COX-2 and telomerase activity in ECT and RME was examined in 82 patients with esophageal carcinoma and 40 normal esophageal epithelium tissues(NEET) by tissue array with EnVision imimunohistochemistry.Their correlations with the clinicopathologic factors were analyzed statistically.Results The positive expression rates of COX-2 and telomerase in ECT and RME were significantly higher than those in NEET(82.9 ％,29.3 ％vs 12.5 ％;and 87.8 ％,18.3 ％vs 5.0 ％;respectively;all P ＜ 0.05).The expression of COX-2 and telomerase in ECT and RME was correlated to TNM stage,tumor cell differentiation and lymph node metastasis (all P ＜0.01),while both expression in RME was closely related to anastomotic recurrence following resection of esophageal carcinoma (P＜0.01).The survival rate in esophageal carcinoma patients with the positive expression of COX-2 and telomerase in RME could be much lower than those with negative expression of COX-2 and telomerase in RME (P=0.000,Log-rank test).COX-2 expression was positively correlated to telomerase in ECT and RME (r=0.786,0.218,P＜0.05).Conclusion COX-2 and telomerase might be important biological markers for malignant transformation and invasion and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma.The activity of COX-2 and telomerase in RME could prognosticate anastomotic recurrence,and could be potential biomarkers evaluate the surgical treatment and prognosis of esophageal carcinoma.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and toxicity of docetaxel combined with compound tegafur capsule(S-1)on anthracycline-refractory recurrent metastatic breast cancer (ARMBC).Methods Thirty-eight ARMBC patients were given intravenous 70 mg/m2 docetaxel at day 1,and oral 60 mg/m2 S-1twice every day at day 1 to 14.Every 3 weeks was one cycle and each patient received at least two cycles.ResultsAfter treatment,among these 38 patients,there was 2 complete response (CR) (5.3 ％),20 partial response (PR) (52.6 ％),10 stable disease (SD) (26.3 ％),and 6 progressive disease (PD) (15.8 ％).Overall objective response rate was 57.9 ％ (95 ％ confidence intervaal: 42.6 ％-74.2 ％) while clinical benefit response rate was 73.7 ％ (95％ confidence interval: 58.4 ％-89.1％).The median time to progression (TTP) was 7.8 months(95 ％ confidence interval:6.7-8.9 months),and median overall survival time(OS)was 15.7 months (95 ％ confidence interval: 12.9-18.8 months).The main toxic reaction was myelosuppression,and grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ adverse events including leucopenia occurred in 21.1％ of all cases.Most common grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ adverse events,such as hand-foot syndrome,nausea,vomiting,diarrhea,liver dysfunction,and oral mucositis,were tolerable.ConclusionGood clinical efficacy is achieved in the therapy of metastatic breast cancer with docetaxel and S-1 combination regimen and toxic reaction is tolerable.
ABSTRACT
This study examined whether 1-methyl-tryptophan [1-MT, an indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor] could reduce CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) proliferation and improve the anti-tumor efficacy of dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with tumor cell lysate in the mice bearing pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The models of pancreatic adenocarcinoma were established in C57BL/6 mice by subcutaneous injection of Pan02 cells. Eight mice which were subcutaneously injected with PBS served as control. The expression of IDO was determined in tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) and spleens of the murine pancreatic adenocarcinoma models. The prevalence of Tregs was measured in the TDLNs and spleens before and after 1-MT administration. The dendritic cells were pulsed with tumor cell lysate for preparing DC vaccine. The DC vaccine, as a single agent or in combination with 1-MT, was administered to pancreatic adenocarcinoma mice. The anti-tumor efficacy was determined after different treatments by regular observation of tumor size. The results showed that the levels of IDO mRNA and protein in tumor-bearing mice were significantly higher than those in the normal control mice. The percentage of Tregs in the spleen and TDLNs was also higer in tumor-bearing mice than in normal control mice (P<0.05). Foxp3 expression was significantly lower in the TDLNs and spleens of tumor-bearing mice administrated with 1-MT than that in normal control mice. Furthemore, in the mice that were administered 1-MT plus DC vaccine, the tumor was increased more slowly than in mice treated with DC vaccine or 1-MT alone, or PBS on day 36 (P<0.01). Our results indicated that 1-MT may enhance anti-tumor efficacy of dendritic cells pulsed with tumor cell lysate by downregulating the percentage of Tregs.